What Is an AV Fistula (Arteriovenous Fistula)?
An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a surgically created connection between an artery and a vein, usually in the arm. It is most commonly created for people who require long-term hemodialysis for kidney failure. The increased blood flow caused by the connection strengthens the vein, making it suitable for repeated dialysis needle insertions.
An AV fistula is generally considered the preferred type of vascular access for hemodialysis because it lasts longer and has fewer complications than other access options.
Why an AV Fistula Matters
A healthy AV fistula provides reliable blood flow for dialysis treatments while reducing the risk of infection and blood clots compared with other forms of vascular access.
Who May Need an AV Fistula?
- People with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Individuals with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
- Patients preparing for long-term hemodialysis
Benefits of an AV Fistula
- Long-lasting access
- Lower infection risk
- Lower risk of blood clots
- Better blood flow for dialysis
- Fewer long-term complications
How to Care for an AV Fistula
- Keep the access site clean.
- Avoid blood pressure measurements on the affected arm.
- Do not wear tight clothing or jewelry over the fistula.
- Check daily for the vibration (thrill) over the fistula.
- Protect the arm from injury.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals monitor the fistula for signs of infection or reduced blood flow, encourage proper fistula care, educate individuals and caregivers, assist with dialysis-related care, and report concerns promptly to the healthcare team.
Home Care Tip
Check your AV fistula every day by gently feeling for the vibration, known as a thrill. If it disappears, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions About an AV Fistula
How long does an AV fistula last?
With proper care, an AV fistula can function successfully for many years.
Can I sleep on the arm with my fistula?
Your healthcare provider may recommend avoiding prolonged pressure on the fistula arm to help maintain healthy blood flow.
Can home care help with AV fistula care?
Yes. Home care professionals monitor the access site, reinforce proper care techniques, and help identify complications early.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you notice redness, swelling, drainage, severe pain, bleeding, or if the thrill or bruit disappears.