What Is Biological Therapy?
Biological therapy, also called biologic therapy, is a treatment that uses substances derived from living organisms or designed to mimic natural immune system processes. Biological therapies target specific parts of the immune system to treat certain diseases more precisely than many traditional medications.
Biological therapy is commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and some types of cancer.
Why Biological Therapy Matters
Unlike medications that broadly suppress the immune system, many biologic therapies target specific immune pathways. This targeted approach may improve disease control while reducing damage caused by chronic inflammation.
Conditions Commonly Treated
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Psoriasis
- Crohn’s disease
- Ulcerative colitis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Multiple sclerosis (certain biologics)
- Some cancers
Possible Side Effects
- Injection site reactions
- Increased risk of infections
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Fever
- Allergic reactions
How Is Biological Therapy Administered?
Depending on the medication, biological therapy may be given as an injection under the skin, an intravenous (IV) infusion, or another specialized route under medical supervision.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals encourage medication adherence, monitor for signs of infection or adverse reactions, assist with appointment scheduling, provide education, and communicate changes in condition to the healthcare provider.
Home Care Tip
If you are receiving biological therapy, notify your healthcare provider promptly if you develop a fever, persistent cough, or other signs of infection.
Frequently Asked Questions About Biological Therapy
Is biological therapy the same as chemotherapy?
No. Biological therapy targets specific components of the immune system or cancer cells, while chemotherapy generally affects rapidly dividing cells throughout the body.
Do biologic medications weaken the immune system?
Some biologic therapies affect immune function and may increase the risk of certain infections, making regular medical follow-up important.
Can home care professionals support someone receiving biological therapy?
Yes. Home care professionals monitor for side effects, reinforce medication instructions, promote infection prevention, and support individuals throughout treatment.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you develop fever, chills, difficulty breathing, severe rash, persistent cough, or other signs of infection while receiving biological therapy.