What Is Bilirubin?
Bilirubin is a yellow-orange substance produced when the body breaks down old red blood cells. The liver processes bilirubin so it can be removed from the body through bile and stool. Measuring bilirubin levels helps healthcare providers evaluate liver function, bile duct health, and certain blood disorders.
Abnormal bilirubin levels may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires further evaluation.
Why Bilirubin Matters
Healthy bilirubin levels reflect normal liver function and red blood cell breakdown. Elevated bilirubin may be associated with liver disease, bile duct obstruction, excessive breakdown of red blood cells, or certain inherited conditions.
Common Causes of High Bilirubin
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Gallstones
- Bile duct obstruction
- Hemolytic anemia
- Gilbert syndrome
- Newborn jaundice
Possible Symptoms of High Bilirubin
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Dark urine
- Pale-colored stools
- Fatigue
- Abdominal discomfort
- Itchy skin
How Are Bilirubin Levels Measured?
Bilirubin is measured with a blood test that may include total, direct (conjugated), and indirect (unconjugated) bilirubin levels. Additional laboratory tests or imaging studies may be recommended to determine the cause of abnormal results.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals monitor for symptoms such as jaundice or changes in condition, encourage medication adherence, support proper nutrition and hydration, and communicate concerns to the healthcare provider.
Home Care Tip
If you notice yellowing of the skin or eyes, seek medical evaluation promptly, as it may be a sign of liver or bile duct disease.
Frequently Asked Questions About Bilirubin
Is high bilirubin always caused by liver disease?
No. Elevated bilirubin may also result from increased breakdown of red blood cells, inherited conditions, or bile duct problems.
Can bilirubin levels return to normal?
Yes. Bilirubin levels often improve when the underlying cause is identified and appropriately treated.
Can home care help someone with liver disease?
Yes. Home care professionals support medication management, monitor symptoms, encourage healthy habits, and help individuals safely manage chronic liver conditions at home.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider if you develop jaundice, dark urine, severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, fever, or confusion.