What Is Atrioventricular (AV) Block?
Atrioventricular (AV) block, also called heart block, is a condition in which electrical signals travel more slowly than normal or are completely blocked as they pass from the atria to the ventricles through the atrioventricular (AV) node. Depending on its severity, AV block may cause few symptoms or lead to serious problems with heart rhythm and blood flow.
AV block is classified into first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree (complete) heart block.
Why AV Block Matters
When electrical signals cannot travel normally through the heart, the ventricles may beat too slowly to supply enough blood to the brain and other organs. Severe AV block can become life-threatening without treatment.
Common Causes
- Age-related degeneration of the heart’s electrical system
- Heart attack
- Coronary artery disease
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart surgery
- Certain medications
- Inflammatory heart disease
- Electrolyte imbalances
Common Symptoms
- Slow heartbeat
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Lightheadedness
- Fainting
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
How Is AV Block Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose AV block using an electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitor, event monitor, electrophysiology study, blood tests, and echocardiography when appropriate.
How Is AV Block Treated?
Treatment depends on the degree of heart block and its cause. Mild cases may only require monitoring, while more severe cases may require medication adjustments or implantation of a permanent pacemaker.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals monitor heart rate and symptoms, encourage medication adherence, support individuals with pacemaker care, promote heart-healthy habits, and recognize symptoms that require immediate medical attention.
Home Care Tip
If you have a pacemaker, attend all scheduled follow-up appointments to ensure the device continues to function properly.
Frequently Asked Questions About AV Block
Is AV block the same as a heart attack?
No. AV block is a problem with the heart’s electrical conduction system, although it can sometimes occur as a complication of a heart attack.
Does every AV block require a pacemaker?
No. Some mild forms only require monitoring, while complete or symptomatic heart block often requires pacemaker implantation.
Can home care help someone with AV block?
Yes. Home care professionals support medication management, monitor symptoms, assist with pacemaker care, and encourage heart-healthy lifestyle habits.
When to Seek Emergency Medical Care
Call emergency medical services immediately if you experience fainting, severe dizziness, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or signs of an extremely slow heartbeat.