What Is Atelectasis?
Atelectasis is the partial or complete collapse of one or more areas of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) do not fully expand, reducing the amount of oxygen that reaches the bloodstream. Atelectasis commonly develops after surgery but may also result from mucus plugs, lung disease, or airway obstruction.
Small areas of atelectasis may cause few or no symptoms, while larger areas can significantly affect breathing.
Why Atelectasis Matters
When part of the lung collapses, oxygen levels may decrease and the risk of pneumonia and other respiratory complications increases. Early treatment helps restore normal lung function and prevent further complications.
Common Causes
- Recent surgery, especially chest or abdominal surgery
- Mucus plugs
- Prolonged bed rest
- Airway obstruction
- Lung tumors
- Pleural effusion
- Pneumothorax
- Chronic lung diseases
Common Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Rapid breathing
- Persistent cough
- Chest discomfort
- Low oxygen levels
- Difficulty taking deep breaths
How Is Atelectasis Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose atelectasis using a physical examination, chest X-ray, CT scan, pulse oximetry, bronchoscopy, and other tests depending on the suspected cause.
How Is Atelectasis Treated?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include deep breathing exercises, incentive spirometry, chest physiotherapy, coughing techniques, bronchoscopy to remove mucus plugs, oxygen therapy, or treatment of the condition causing the collapse.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals encourage deep breathing exercises, assist with prescribed respiratory therapies, monitor oxygen levels, encourage mobility after surgery, support medication adherence, and recognize early signs of worsening respiratory problems.
Home Care Tip
After surgery, using an incentive spirometer as directed and walking regularly can help keep your lungs expanded and reduce the risk of atelectasis.
Frequently Asked Questions About Atelectasis
Can atelectasis go away?
Yes. Many cases resolve completely once the underlying cause is treated and normal lung expansion returns.
Is atelectasis the same as pneumonia?
No. Atelectasis is a collapse of part of the lung, while pneumonia is an infection. However, atelectasis can increase the risk of developing pneumonia.
Can home care help someone recovering from atelectasis?
Yes. Home care professionals support breathing exercises, mobility, respiratory monitoring, and recovery while helping reduce the risk of complications.
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe shortness of breath, chest pain, blue lips or fingertips, worsening cough, or a sudden drop in oxygen levels.