What Is an Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)?
An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in which arteries connect directly to veins without the normal network of tiny capillaries between them. This abnormal connection disrupts normal blood flow and can place stress on blood vessel walls, increasing the risk of bleeding.
AVMs most commonly occur in the brain or spinal cord but can develop in other parts of the body.
Why an AVM Matters
Some AVMs cause no symptoms, while others may lead to headaches, seizures, neurological problems, or life-threatening bleeding if they rupture. Early diagnosis helps determine the most appropriate treatment and monitoring plan.
Common Symptoms
- Headaches
- Seizures
- Weakness or numbness
- Vision problems
- Difficulty speaking
- Balance problems
- Sudden severe headache if bleeding occurs
How Is an AVM Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose AVMs using CT scans, MRI, cerebral angiography, or CT or MR angiography to determine the size, location, and blood flow pattern of the malformation.
How Is an AVM Treated?
Treatment depends on the size and location of the AVM and may include observation, surgical removal, endovascular embolization, stereotactic radiosurgery, or a combination of treatments.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals support individuals recovering from AVM treatment by assisting with mobility, medication reminders, rehabilitation exercises, monitoring neurological symptoms, and helping with daily activities while promoting a safe home environment.
Home Care Tip
Follow your neurologist’s recommendations carefully and report any sudden neurological changes immediately, even if you have previously been diagnosed with an AVM.
Frequently Asked Questions About AVMs
Are AVMs cancerous?
No. An arteriovenous malformation is not a type of cancer. It is an abnormal blood vessel formation.
Can an AVM be present from birth?
Yes. Most AVMs are believed to be congenital, meaning they develop before birth, although they may not cause symptoms until later in life.
Can home care help after AVM treatment?
Yes. Home care professionals assist with recovery, rehabilitation, medication management, and monitoring while helping individuals regain independence.
When to Seek Emergency Medical Care
Call emergency medical services immediately if you develop a sudden severe headache, seizure, weakness, difficulty speaking, loss of consciousness, or other signs of a possible brain hemorrhage or stroke.