What Is an Arterial Ulcer?
An arterial ulcer, also called an ischemic ulcer, is an open wound that develops when poor blood flow through the arteries prevents the skin and underlying tissues from receiving enough oxygen and nutrients. These ulcers most commonly occur on the feet, toes, heels, or lower legs and often heal slowly because of reduced circulation.
Arterial ulcers require prompt medical evaluation to prevent infection, tissue damage, and possible limb-threatening complications.
Why Arterial Ulcers Matter
Without adequate blood flow, wounds may not heal properly and can become infected or progress to tissue loss. Early diagnosis and treatment improve healing and help preserve limb function.
Common Causes
- Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
- Atherosclerosis
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Blood clots
Common Signs and Symptoms
- Painful open sore
- Round, well-defined wound edges
- Cool or cold skin
- Pale or shiny skin
- Little or no bleeding from the wound
- Weak or absent pulse in the foot
- Pain that worsens when the leg is elevated
How Is an Arterial Ulcer Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose arterial ulcers using a physical examination, wound assessment, ankle-brachial index (ABI), Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, MR angiography, or other vascular studies.
How Is an Arterial Ulcer Treated?
Treatment focuses on improving blood flow and promoting wound healing. It may include wound care, medications, smoking cessation, management of diabetes and cholesterol, angioplasty, stent placement, or bypass surgery when necessary.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals provide wound care as directed, monitor for signs of infection, assist with medication management, educate individuals on proper foot care, encourage healthy lifestyle habits, and report changes in the wound to healthcare providers.
Home Care Tip
Check your feet every day for cuts, blisters, or sores if you have poor circulation or diabetes. Early treatment can prevent serious complications.
Frequently Asked Questions About Arterial Ulcers
Are arterial ulcers painful?
Yes. They are often very painful, especially when the affected leg is elevated or during the night.
Can arterial ulcers heal?
Yes. Healing is possible, but restoring adequate blood flow is often necessary for successful wound healing.
Can home care help manage arterial ulcers?
Yes. Home care professionals provide wound care, monitor healing, reinforce treatment plans, and help reduce the risk of infection and further tissue damage.
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek prompt medical attention if an ulcer becomes increasingly painful, develops drainage, redness, foul odor, fever, black tissue, or fails to improve with treatment.