What Is an Allergy?
An allergy is an immune system response to a substance, known as an allergen, that is usually harmless to most people. When someone with an allergy is exposed to an allergen, their immune system reacts by releasing chemicals such as histamine, leading to symptoms that may affect the skin, respiratory system, digestive system, or other parts of the body.
Allergies can range from mild seasonal symptoms to severe reactions that require emergency medical treatment.
Why Allergies Matter
Untreated allergies can interfere with daily activities, sleep, school, and work. In some individuals, exposure to certain allergens may trigger severe reactions, including anaphylaxis. Identifying and avoiding allergens is an important part of allergy management.
Common Types of Allergies
- Food allergies
- Seasonal allergies (hay fever)
- Pet allergies
- Dust mite allergies
- Mold allergies
- Medication allergies
- Insect sting allergies
- Latex allergies
Common Allergy Symptoms
- Sneezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Itchy eyes
- Watery eyes
- Skin rash
- Hives
- Itching
- Swelling
- Wheezing
- Difficulty breathing in severe cases
How Are Allergies Diagnosed?
Healthcare providers diagnose allergies using a medical history, physical examination, allergy skin testing, blood tests, or supervised allergy challenge testing when appropriate.
How Home Care Can Help
Home care professionals assist individuals with allergies by promoting allergen avoidance, encouraging medication adherence, recognizing worsening symptoms, maintaining a clean home environment when appropriate, and educating families about emergency preparedness for severe allergic reactions.
Home Care Tip
Keep a record of allergy triggers, symptoms, and medications. Sharing this information with your healthcare provider can help improve allergy management.
Frequently Asked Questions About Allergies
Can allergies be cured?
There is currently no cure for most allergies, but symptoms can often be effectively managed with allergen avoidance, medications, and allergy immunotherapy for certain conditions.
What is the difference between an allergy and a cold?
Colds are caused by viruses and usually resolve within a few weeks, while allergies are immune system responses to allergens and may continue as long as exposure occurs.
Can allergies affect older adults?
Yes. Although allergies are often associated with children, adults of all ages can develop or continue to experience allergic conditions.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider if allergy symptoms interfere with daily life, do not improve with treatment, or if you experience repeated severe allergic reactions that require emergency care.